On the Shammar rebellion of 1871 against the Ottomans

Thanks to Kate, I was able to purchase the unpublished PhD. thesis of John F. Williamson, “A political history of the Shammar Jarba tribe of al-Jazirah: 1800-1958“, Indiana University, Ph.D., 1975. Here is a quote from the thesis about the rebellion of Shammar leader ‘Abdul Karim al-Jarba against the Ottomans: ‘Abd al-Karim revolted in early August, 1871. Within a week the rebel leader at the head of some 3,000 Shammar warriors succeeded in reducing the area around Nisibin to ruins. Before effective government action could be taken, the rebellious Shammar raided over 200 villages, setting seventy of them on fire, killing a large number of persons and carrying off everything they could remove. In the meantime, ‘Abd al-Karim wrote various tribal leaders, complaining that Midhat Pasha sought to force the Shammar to settle as mere fallabin, and solicited their support. When several of these letters reached Midhat Pasha, he offered a reward of 10,000 piastres for ‘Abd al-Karim alive, and 5,000 piastres for his head. Meanwhile, ‘Abd al-Karim divided his forces into three sections and dispatched them against Dayr az-Zor, Mosul and Baghdad. This ill-conceived plan for destroying the Ottomans collapsed when the Shammar were decisively defeated at Qalat ash-Sharqat.…