Bogdan von Zientarski (1884-958) — photo below by Carl Raswan — was the manager of the Gumniska stud farm for Prince Roman Sanguszko from 1927 to 1944. In 1931, Sanguszko sent him and Carl Raswan on a shopping trip to Arabia to buy original Arabian horses. They came back with four mares and four stallions. The stallions — Kuhailan Haifi, Kuhailan Zaid, Kuhailan Kruszan, and Kuhailan Afas left a strong imprint on Arabian horse breeding in Poland, and from there on, Europe and the rest of the world. The mares disappeared in the mayhem of World War II, leaving little or no trace. In the course of their Arabian trip, Zientarski and Raswan visited Bahrain and saw the stud of the ruler, Sh. Hamad Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa (ruled 1925-1942). They liked and bought a colt, the future Kuhailan Afas (photo below as a yearling), the pedigree of which I translated here. They also saw the colt’s sire, a herd stallion about which Zientarski wrote: “We went out in the courtyard to look at the horses. There were 43 of them. In general, beautiful, noble animals of great lines, mainly beautiful heads … I learn that the colts are…