Bogdan von Zientarski (1884-958) — photo by Carl Raswan — was the manager of the Gumniska stud farm for Prince Roman Sanguszko from 1927 to 1944. In 1931, Sanguszko sent him and Carl Raswan on a shopping trip to Arabia to buy original Arabian horses. They came back with four mares and four stallions. The stallions — Kuhailan Haifi, Kuhailan Zaid, Kuhailan Kruszan, and Kuhailan Afas left a strong imprint on Arabian horse breeding in Poland, and from there on, Europe and the rest of the world. The mares disappeared in the mayhem of World War II, leaving little trace. In the course of their trip, Zientarski and Raswan visited Bahrain and saw the stud of the ruler, Sh. Hamad Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa. They bought a colt, the future Kuhailan Afas, the pedigree of which I translated here. They also saw the colt’s sire, a herd stallion about which Zientarski had the following to say: “We went out in the courtyard to look at the horses. There were 43 of them. In general, beautiful, noble animals of great lines, mainly beautiful heads … I learn that the colts are sired by the bay, 10-year old Kuhailan Wadnan stallion…