Daughters of the Wind

Yesterday Ginger foaled a little male, who as of this morning was still fighting for his life. He could not stand to nurse on his own, so Bev — bless her heart — has been waking up every two hours to lift him so he could nurse. I hope he pulls off. He is Ginger’s third foal in three years, after my Kinza, now two, and Bev’s Ginger Snap, a yearling. All three are by Bev’s stallion Subanet Jabbar SDA, so tracing to Fay El Dine in tail male and to Rabanna/Basilisk in tail female. When my partner Jana first saw a photo, her first reaction was: “Oh he looks like a little dog!” so I named him Kulayb. It’s Arabic for “little dog”, and it’s an old, old, Arabic Bedouin name. The Ancient Hebrews had it too, as the Biblical Caleb. In ancient pre-Islamic poetry, Kulayb son of Rab’iah was the name of a Bedouin hero from the ancient tribe of Taghlib. He was the brother of Mohalhil.

 صورة للشيخ خالد بن عضيب الوقاع شيخ فخذ المجاهمه من الموايقه من قبيله السبعه من عنزه كان لوالده عضيب الوقاع السبيعي مربط معروف لكحايل الخدليات درج على قبيلة العقيدات في ما بعد

Published in July 1971 by Danah Al Khalifa. All photos by her, unless otherwise indicated. Her photo captions are included. “To the starting post!” Each Friday from November till May, a popular meeting place is His Highness Sheikh Isa’s private racetrack. Races are informal and unique in style. No betting, no prizes, nevertheless each competitor is keen to ride a winner. Every colt and filly is race trained to it’s worth! It is in racing that the good or the bad points of conformation, character and HEART come out. They start to race at three years of age if well developed, over a distance of six furlongs (1200m.) The distance is increased with age, up to two miles, and some horses are still racing when fifteen years old. Stallions and mares race in mixed groups.   “Jockeys come in all sizes!” (Photo: R. Paterson)   “A mare’s excitement at the start.”   “and a stallion’s protest!   Shawaf: “Unchanged by the years, a grand old Arab and his grand old steed take part in a festive parade.”   “And jockeys come in different styles!” Homestretch!! No whips are permitted! … But sometimes a hollow bamboo reed is used as it…

Published in July 1971 by Danah Al Khalifa. All photos by her, unless otherwise indicated. Her photo captions are included. HAMDANIEH: ” … how exquisite her ears, pointed as a date flower bud … ” “An Arabian beauty with a dropped veil!” During date harvest season when flies are bothersome, some favourites get a ‘rish-rash’ for eye protection – this one’s slipped down.   Grey Dahman with Arab headstall.   Grey racing mares in ‘summer flesh’.   DAHMEH: ” … her chest is power … ” (Photo: Forbis)   ‘BAY RACING MARES IN SUMMER FLESH’. Dark bays, the most prominent colour in the royal stud.   JETHENIEH: ” … her large head flexeth with ease … ” ‘On a promenade’.   MA’ANAGY: “A son of Old Bay Jellaby, young, proud and spirited, yet so gentle a young girl can handle him.” (At private stud.)   HATHBEH: ” … know that ye must bridle her with a sizeable and strong bit … ” ‘A young Sheikh on his favourite mare.’   Hamdany and Tuwaisan: “High spirited playful young stallions.”   DAHMEH. “On wings and springs.” a) The free flying trot so characteristic of a true hotblood. b) The powerful and bold…

Published in July 1971 by Danah Al Khalifa. All photos by her, unless otherwise indicated. Her photo captions are included. Shuwaimeh & Shawafah.  Two expectant mothers. (Photo: Forbis)   Hamdany. A new born colt, four hours old. In future will become a dark bay.   Hamdany Ibn Krushan. Three weeks old, was born black but on reaching maturity will become silver grey.   Hamdany. A dark grey weanling colt pictured when six months old. Hamdany was born dark brown, his second coat dark grey, however on reaching maturity he will be a pure white horse. To accustom the horse to being chained by the legth first lesson is to tie a thick rope around the front pastern for a few days, as shown in this photograph.   Hamdanieh. Weanling filly pictured at 7 months of age. Born brown, second coat roan. She is a future speckled grey.   “Jellaby Ibn Krushan, a two year old colt. Born black but a future silver grey. Arabs often compare their best horses with the Saluki, the Arabian greyhound, in good points.” At this time the colt is broken to rider and halter, to stand still when mounted and to walk, turn and stop.…

Published in July 1971 by Danah Al Khalifa. All photos by her, unless otherwise indicated. Her photo captions are included. Bahrain’s mounted police leaving the Guest Palace Old Speckled Jellaby, pictured at 34 years of age, sired his last foal the same year. Born 1930, died 1968.  (a note in pencil reads: “Tuwaisan’s sire of dam” – Wilton) Photo: M. Shakib Tuwaisan: A treasured racing stallion of Bahrain, was a royal gift to a private stud in South Africa. (Photo: Dr. Valérie Noli-Marais) Old Bay Dahman, in his shady teasing cage, photographed at the age of 30 years while he was still at stud. Born 1938 died 1970. A mare exploding in high spirits.  Old Bay Jellaby, at the age of 28 years, still at stud. Sire Old Bay Dahman. (Photo: F. Alqusaibi) Krushan, son of Old Speckled Jellaby, pictured at 18 years of age. Born 1952 died 1970. Young Bay Jellaby now at stud, aged 16 years, is full brother to Old Bay Jellaby. Young Bay Dahman, pictured at 8 years, was sired by Old Bay Jellaby and now replaces Old Bay Dahman at stud.  Hamdany aged 7 years, one of the last sons of Old Speckled Jellaby, replaced…

Kim Davis has a new colt by Othello LD out of HH Nadira Krush, in yet another demonstration of the continued vitality of her wonderful breeding program. It looks like he will be black after his sire and grandsire.

A rare photo of Abd al-Jalil al-Naqashbandi, one of the preeminent Sufis of the Euphrates Valley, and the owner of a famous marbat of Kuhaylan al-Nawwaq that is now 110 years old. He is pictured here on one of his Nawwaqiyah mares. He was a partner of Fanghash al-Nawwaq, who was the last member of the Nawwaq family to own horses they gave their name to. A precious photo.

This was Belle, the Kuhaylat al-Ajuz, with my daughter Solenn in 2018. Belle was 16, Solenn 5. I am still on a quest to know who this line of horses originally belonged to, back in 1925. I have clues but no hard facts.

I like this image so much that I will make it a blog header for a few days. I think the beautiful mare on the left is a Kuhaylat al-Mimrah.

RJ Cadranell took this nice photo of Belladonna CHF several years ago. She was a Kuhaylat al-Ajuz tracing to *Nufoud, and was a favorite mare of mine. I saw her in 2001. She is my Bell’s dam and Barakah and Bassma’s grand-dam

Andre LS (Zachary CF x Aliah LD by HB Adrian), one of Diane Lyon’s Davenport stallions of the Kuhaylan Haifi strain is now California at Michael Bowling’s. Michael is going to take him to a vet clinic for testing. If fertile, he will be bred to one of my mares. He looks good, and is an outcross in the Davenports Core Haifi group.  

Bassma Al Arab was born at dawn today. She is by my stallion Jamr Al Arab (Vice Regent CF x Jadiba by Dib), a Saqlawi al-‘Abd, out of “Belle”, Jadah BelloftheBall (Invictus Al Krush x Belladonna CHF by Audobon), a Kuhaylat al-‘Ajuz tracing to the desert-bred mare *Nufoud. She is only the fifth filly alive from that strain. Monica Respet has two, and I now have three. She has really long ears like her dam, a big sloped shoulder like her granddam Jadiba and big joints. It’s an unusual breeding: a half-Blunt stallion on a non-Blunt, mostly Davenport mare, with an old Saudi tail female.

This is Erika Schiele’s photo of Jallad (Arras x Atlassi, by Sepid) imported to Austria by Gustl Eutermoser, Gestüt Schieferegg. He was instrumental in the exportation of another of Arras’ offspring, Jezabel. Eutermoser also managed to take a photo of Jezabel’s maternal grandsire Ajdar.  

In Arabian horses, strains are traditionally transmitted by the dam. This is how Bedouins did it for about half a millennium, for reasons I discussed elsewhere. Strains, and their transmissions are intimately connected to the concepts of asil/atiq (roughly, authentic) in an Arabian horse. In other words, the daughter of an asil/atiq Hamdaniyah Simriyah and an English Thoroughbred is not a Hamdaniyah Simriyah. She is a hajin, a part-bred, not an Arabian horse. I think there is a universal consensus on that. Now let us assume that this half-Arabian part-bred daughter of the asil/atiq Hamdaniyah Simriyah is bred to an asil/atiq Arabian for one more generation. You still don’t have a Hamdaniyah Simiriyah. You’d still have a hajin, a partbred with 25% Engligh Thoroughbred blood and 75% Arabian blood. One more generation of breeding of this line to an asil/atiq Arabian horse will not get you your Hamdani Simri label back. You’d still have a hajin on your hands, this time with 12.5% Engligh Thoroughbred blood and 87.5% Arabian blood. The consensus on this horse not being an Arabian horse still holds, pretty much across the spectrum of the Arabian horse world. Where the consensus falls apart is on how…

From the article written by Betty Finke for “Araber Journal”:  In early 1980, Jezabel shared the fate of many of her two-legged countrymen and had to leave the country in a hurry. Being owned by the Royal Horse Society, she was technically the property of Shah Reza Pahlevi, who’s reign was abruptly ended by the return of the Ayatolla Khomeini, who called out the Islamic Republic of Iran and opposed everything from the West. The Shah’s horses with their connection to the US-based WAHO were in acute danger of their lives. Jezabel and other horses from the Royal Stud owed their life to the efforts of Gustl Eutermoser and Ulrike Marcik from Austria, who with the help of Mary Gharazoglou brought them out of the country to their own stud farm in Austria. On 1 March 1981 received her WAHO papers and was entered in Vol. 1 of the Asil Club. Jezabel (Arras x Atlass, by Ajdar) age 18 with her son sired by Inta  (Ibn Insiatur x Sabah, by Arras) Inta and Jezabel at Birgitte Degn’s farm in Austria. Jezabel, age 25 with her last foal Juna     Jezabel and Inta’s 1992 daughter, Jello.  

Here is a side-on photo of Barakah (Ibn Manial x Gamalat, by Ibn Samhan) and 2 headshots. This photo was taken at the Kingswills’ Gordonville Stud by Ian Thompson. I’m not sure how old Barakah is in the photo, but her full-grown daughter Gordonville Zahara (1956 – 1966) was also pictured that day. Sadly, Zahara left no registered purebred offspring. This photo was taken at Dr. Valérie Noli-Marais’ Sahiby Stud. It shows Barakah with the Bahraini stallion Tuwaisan. A memorial photo published by Ian Thompson.  On the left is Barakah’s son, Gordonville Ziyadan, by Zahir (Ibn Fayda x Zahra, by Gamil Manial). Ziyadan is a full brother to Gordonville Zahara mentioned earlier.

These are photos that accompanied two articles written by Kirsten and Bernd Radtke when they helped to document the Tahawy horses. If you allow for the odd typo, this could be the same stallion, but the photos tell a different story. The photo captions are as they appeared in the articles. Can anybody shed some light on who these horses are? “SHEIKH SULMAN’s breeding stallion IBN EL CHAAESSA” THE TAHAWY HORSES By Bernd Radtke Photo: Wolfgang Bitterle NordArab April 1988 “The stallion Ibn el Chaarssa of the Barakat line, owned by Sheik Soliman.” The Tahawys and their Horses by Kirsten & Bernd Radtke Photo: Radtke AHS News Summer ’88

Yesterday Arnault Decroix sent me this photo of his Syrian stallion Dahjani al-Arab, a Kuhaylan Da’jani born in the Syrian Jazirah (Upper Mesopotomia) in 2008. Dahjani al-Arab was part of the same batch of Syrian imports to France in 2009. The lot also included the stallions Mahboub Halep (a Shuwayman Sabbah); Dahess Hassaka (a Kuhaylan Nawwaq); Nimr Shabareq (a Ma’naqi Sbayli); Shahm (a Ubayyan Sharrak, who sadly died soon after the importation and was the best of the lot, in my opinion); and Meliar Halab (a Kuhaylan Krush), as well as the mare Rafikat al-Darb (a Shuwaymah Sabbah). For years I overlooked Dahjani al-Arab on this blog, and highlighted other imports like Mahboub, Dahess and Nimr, because I had some doubts about his Kuhaylan Da’jani tail female. Today, after a decade of follow up, I was able to access first-hand evidence of the authenticity of this strain. I will elaborate further in a next entry. Dahjani al-Arab is and always was, an asil Arabian horse    

In the 1975 article “Famous Arabian Horses of Argentina”, Verónica Medda wrote: “The first arabian horse importation to Argentina was in the nineteen-hundreds. The most important importation was in the year 1892 when Mr. Hernán Ayerza personally travelled to the Middle East to select Arabian stock for his own stud. These horses were the anestors of the famous stallion Haurram II. On September 30, 1912 Haurram II is born in “El Aduar” (Mr. Ayerza’s stud), by Racid, bred also at “El Aduar” and out of Haydee, a mare imported from Siria who at foaling was 20 years old. This great stallion was grand champion of the Argentine Rural Society’s exposition in the years 1915, 1916, 1920 and 1924. In 1916 the exposition was international since horses from all over the world were present. This was Haurram II’s greatest victory since the competition was not only between argentine stock but from other parts of the world. A very knowledgable judge of Arabian horses considered him to be perfect. He was so impressed by this horse that he went to England and told the owner of England’s most famous stud about Haurram II. They negotiated on leasing Haurram II to England for…

Several productive discussions have recently taken place in public and in private about the proposed draft of the Arabian Horse Manifesto. Earlier this year, I started a series of posts on this blog under the title “Toward a New Manifesto of the Arabian Breed“. After receiving plenty of feedback, and discussions with Arab and non-Arab figures active in the Arabian horse sphere, I am happy to share a more solid draft, with values, principles, and definitions, for more discussions and comments: The Introduction Vision Our vision is a new era of the Arabian Horse that is based on the acknowledgment of its original qualities, more understanding and learning of its historical background, higher respect of its cultural values and context, better cooperation between the East and West, and the adoption of modern science in drawing the future of the breed. Mission  The Arabian Horse Manifesto aims at setting a common direction for the community of the Arabian Horse at large, including breeders, researchers, registration bodies, and academia, to unite and align our endeavors for sustaining and prospering the Asil Arabian Horse, and maintaining its authenticity and quality. Introducing the Manifesto The highly famed and distinguished Arabian breed is at a…

A photo of the wonderful Syrian-bred Shuwaymah Sabbah stallion Mahboub Halep at Jean Claude Rajot several days ago. To me, this horse exemplifies the desert Arabian horse as he should be. I wish he had opportunities to cover mares from more diverse lineages. As Lady Anne Blunt said of Aziz in his prime: “He looks gorgeous”. Photo by Severine Vesco from social media.

Here is a photo of another member of the Barakah[imp] tail female line, the stallion Sidi Egyptian Storm. The line almost died with Baraka as a number of the imports contracted strangles. Here is the full story of the importation. Breeder: A.W.A. (Jack) Maritz Owner: Sanniesguns Boerdery Trust Photo provided by Raymond Schierschmidt Another photo. Sidi Bint Maistro, maternal granddam to Sanniesguns Sahara. Sidi Bint Maistro Breeder: A.W.A. (Jack) Maritz Owner: Raymond Schierschmidt (photo)

Kuwaiti researcher Yahia al-Kandari edited a treatise on Arab horses by Father Anastas al-Karmali (1866-1947), the Lebanese Carmelite priest and linguist.  The treatise “al-Khayl al-‘Irab 3inda al-Arab wa al-A3raab” was published by Bait al-Arab. Interestingly, the title of the book features three difference uses of the term ‘Arab’.

I found these photos in the first edition of the Austrian stud book. Not the best quality, but at least it’s not an artist’s interpretation. Tohfa (Emam x Folla, by Ibn Barakat) 1962 arabian mare Breeder: Ahmed Hamza, Hamdan Stables Owner: Fatma Hamza, Cairo / Gustl Eutermoser, Arabergestüt Schieferegg Tail Male: Jamil El Kebir (APK) Tail Female: Folla (TAH) Ancestral Elements Tahawi, 50.0% Egypt I, 36.3% Egypt II, 12.5% Blunt, 1.2% Ghada (Emam x Bint Folla, by Hamdan) 1969 arabian mare Imported to Austria 15/05/1970 Breeder: Ahmed Hamza, Hamdan Stables Measurements (adult): 150 – 171 -18 Owner: Gustl Eutermoser, Arabergestüt Schieferegg Also known as *Ghadaa (imp. 1982) Photo: Henry Garde Tail Male: Jamil El Kebir (APK) Tail Female: Folla (TAH) Ancestral Elements Egypt I, 61.3% Tahawi, 25.0% Egypt II, 12.5% Blunt, 1.2%  

Power and grace in motion at 25 years young. I have a sense this will become a beloved picture.

I was on the trail of offspring of the Bábolna bred Hadban I (Hadban Inzihi x 24 Gazlan, by Gazlan), a stallion imported to Namibia in 1910. I got stuck into a stack of magazines and I found something unexpected. In the March 1958 edition of the Sankt Georg magazine is an article written by Dr. F. Pilawka after a recent visit to Sidi Thabet, Tunisia. There are three photos that I’ve never seen before and I thought you guys might be interested. I’ve taken the liberty of adding a translation. The desert stallion “Tabriz” from the domain of Maknassy, eight years old, raced before he came to Sidi Thabet. The desert stallion “Ibn” from breeding that is the domain of “Bir Chaïba, fourteen years old, former, successful racer, currently a senior stallion. “Aissauê” an up and coming stallion in Arabian breeding, recently ended his racing career, 5 years old.

These two previous posts are part of this series:  هذين المنشورين السابقين هما جزء من هذه السلسلة TOWARD A NEW MANIFESTO OF THE ARABIAN BREED (Here) نحو بيان عام جديد للحصان العربي THE MANIFESTO OF THE ARABIAN BREED – PART I (Here) الإعلان العام للجواد العربي – الجزء الأول The following post provides PART II of the proposed Manifesto. The goals is to reach a globally agreed definition of the Asil Arabian Horse that can serve as a clear and actionable basis for any future organized effort to list and/or register the Asil Arabian. هذا المنشور يمثل الجزء الثاني من الإعلان العام المقترح. والهدف هو الوصول إلى تعريف عالمي متفق عليه للحصان العربي الأصيل بحيث يقدم أساساً عملياً قابلاً للاستخدام لأي عمل تنظيمي مستقبلي يتضمن قاعدة بيانات أو سجل للجواد العربي. The definition builds on previous work by the Asil organizations such as Al Khamsa and Asil Club. It consists of two sections; the definition statement, and definition notes. The definition notes is what makes it an actionable and working definition. They provide a practical mechanism for applying the definition within any organizational framework such a database or a registry. التعريف مبني على مجهودات سابقة من المنظمات المعنية بالأصالة مثل…

Scans of an article published July 30th, 1898 for “A Weekly Illustrated Record and Review” popped up recently, revealing photos of Safran (*Shahwan x Safra) and Moallaka (Mesaoud x Meroe). The publication itself was a British illustrated weekly periodical founded in 1891 by Charles Norris Williamson, and was known for printing fairly high-quality photos within its pages. SAFRAN – more on him later. MOALLAKA (If there is another photo of this mare in circulation, I do not know of it.) R.J. Cadranell reports of Moallaka and her dam, Meroe: Moallaka (by Mesaoud) was sold as a two-year-old at the 10th Crabbet sale on July 23, 1898, to George Grey, Esq., if Tunbridge Wells for 147 gs. with her full sister Munfyeh. Their dam was Meroe, an 1885 mare by Kars x Meshura. On Meroe: “In the summer of 1897 Meroe showed symptoms of failing health. Between the beginning of May & the beginning of July she was driven in the team, chiefly as wheeler, and went even long distances, such as from Newbuildings to Wootton one day, & the next morning on to Dorking station & back to Wootton then on home to Newbuildings, but she never seemed herself, and…

In my previous post I wrote an introduction (here) on what I am proposing in this post and the next. في منشوري السابق كتبت مقدمة (هنا) حول ما أقترحه في هذا المنشور وما يليه. In this first part, I am suggesting a set of guiding VALUES and PRINCIPLES to govern any future efforts for preserving the Asil/Atiq Arabian Horse. In the next part I will suggest a DEFINITION of the Asil Arabian Horse and some additional notes that build on top of the current definitions by the different Asil organizations. في هذا الجزء الأول أقترح مجموعة من القيم والمبادئ الحاكمة، لضبط أي جهود مستقبلية متعلقة بالمحافظة على الحصان العربي الأصيل\العتيق. وفي الجزء التالي بإذن الله سأقوم باقتراح تعريف للحصان العربي الأصيل ومعه مجموعة من الملاحظات التوضيحية، والتي تبني على التعريفات الحالية من طرف المنظمات المعنية بالأصالة. My framework of thoughts is based on three tiers: [1] Values & Principles, [2] Definition, [3] Criteria & Processes. The proposed Manifesto covers [1] and [2], and it lays the groundwork for future efforts on [3]. يقوم الإطار العام للفكرة على ثلاث مستويات: (1) القيم والمبادئ، (2) التعريف، (3) المعايير والإجراءات. يستوعب الإعلان المقترح النقاط (1) و (2)، بينما يمهد الطريق ويضع الأساس لأي…

A lot of discussion has been going on lately by Arabian horse lovers and enthusiasts from the six contents about the future of the Arabian breed. Maintaining the breed purity of blood (the Asil concept), preserving the original qualities and characteristics of the Arabian Horse, the genetic diversity and integrity of the breed, the status of the unregistered desert-bred Asil horses, are all among the concerns of the community. كثير من النقاشات تدور مؤخرا بين محبي الحصان العربي من القارات الست حول مستقبل السلالة العربية. المحافظة على نقاء الدم ومفهوم الأصالة، استدامة الصفات ومقومات الجودة الأصلية للحصان العربي، التنوع والسلامة الجينية للحصان العربي، وضع الخيول البدوية غير المسجلة، كل هذا من ضمن ما يشغل المهتمين. There is a kind of consensus that something has to be done. A new era has to begin that is based on more acknowledgement of the breed original qualities and characteristics, more understanding and learning of its historical background, more respect of its cultural values and context, more cooperation between the West and East including those of Arab descent who still carry the cultural values and knowledge, and nevertheless, more adoption of the scientific tools, specifically the genetic science, in setting a new solid scientific…

Photographer Irina Filsinger took this nice photo of the stallion Ibn Ibn Wathnan, one of the handful original horses of the state of Qatar. He was registered in Volume 1 of the Qatari studbook. Thanks to Wilton for posting it on social media, where I picked it up. He looks like the Bahraini royal stud horses  and I would not be surprised if he traced to him at least in part

 من بنات كروش جهيم المطخان ومن نفس رسنه ومربطه

لاحظوا دقة اذني الفرس وعرض حنكها فهكذا كانت خيل الملوك لاحظوا ايضا اللجام العربي بالاضافة للرشمة من ارشيف مدرسة الاخوة الماريين  

Over 5000 of them online. Take the plunge! One of the most significant pictures is this one of Shaykh Sultan Bin Zayid Aal Nahyan, taken in 1948 (pre-oil). He was not yet the ruler of the UAE.

هناك مرحلتان للإضرار جينيا بالحصان العربي تخطيناهما أو نكاد. أولا: مرحلة توحيد الشكل للوصول للشكل المثالي والنمط القياسي المنشود أو ما يسمى ال Type (مع التحفظ طبعا على اعتباره قياسيا ومثاليا وهذا نقاش آخر)، بحيث يتمتع كامل النتاج من الخيل بنفس النمط العام للشكل والذي يسمى علميا ال Phenotype. وثانيا: مرحلة التنافس على أقصى درجات ومعايير هذا الشكل القياسي ما بين ذلك النتاج الموحد. وحيث أن مجمل النتاج له تقريبا نفس الشكل، يصبح الصراع محتدما بين المتنافسين على الوصول لأقصى الحدود باستخدام أقصى ما تتيحه علوم الوراثة لدفع الخواص الجينية لأبعد مدى والتأثير على ما يعرف بال Genotype. الأول يقضي على التنوع الجيني للحصان العربي Genetic Diversity ويقلل ما يعرف بال SNP أو تعدد أشكال النيوكلوتويد في الحمض النووي، بما يعني اختفاء بعض الجينات وضياع الصفات المصاحبة لها بشكل لا يمكن استعادته. أما الثاني فيبدأ في إحداث طفرات جينية Mutations وظهور صفات جديدة بما فيها الأمراض الوراثية وهو ما يعرف بال Deleterious Mutation وتدمير الخواص المتوارثة منذ القدم للحصان. يمتلك الحصان 32 زوجا من الكروموسومات تحمل جينات الحصان. وتقدر أحدث الدراسات الجينية للخيل أن جينوم الخيل يحتوي على ما يزيد عن 21 ألف جين تتحكم في كل صفات الخيل عموما، ولنأخذ مثلا صفة اللون. يتحكم في لون الحصان العربي تحديدا…